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How do I file a Right to Information (RTI) application?

How Do I File a Right to Information (RTI) Application in India? – A Complete Step-by-Step Guide

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 is one of the most powerful tools available to citizens of India to seek transparency and accountability from public authorities. It empowers individuals to request information from government bodies, helping them expose corruption, ensure efficiency, and safeguard their rights. Filing an RTI application is a legal right under the Constitution of India, and this right can be exercised by any citizen.

Below is a detailed explanation of how to file an RTI application in India, along with the procedure, format, fee structure, mode of filing, and frequently asked questions.

What is RTI?

The Right to Information Act, 2005 provides every Indian citizen the legal right to access information under the control of public authorities, which are required to respond within a stipulated time. The objective of the RTI Act is to promote transparency, accountability, and reduce corruption in governance.

Who Can File an RTI Application?

Any citizen of India can file an RTI application to seek information from any central, state, or local public authority, including:

  • Central and State Ministries
  • Government Departments
  • Municipal bodies
  • Public Sector Units (PSUs)
  • Government schools, colleges, universities
  • Police departments
  • Judiciary (subject to limitations)
  • Regulatory authorities
  • NGOs substantially funded by the government

Types of Information You Can Request Under RTI

You can seek information related to:

  • Status of your application with a government body
  • Records, documents, files, reports
  • Inspection of public works
  • Certified copies of government orders
  • Details of tenders, contracts, and project implementation
  • Reasons for administrative decisions affecting you
  • Expenditure and utilization of public funds

However, certain information is exempted under Section 8 and Section 9 of the RTI Act, including information affecting national security, personal information without public interest, Cabinet discussions, etc.

Step-by-Step Process to File an RTI Application

Step 1: Identify the Public Authority

  • First, determine which department or government body holds the information you want.
  • Identify the Public Information Officer (PIO) or Assistant PIO of that department.

Step 2: Draft the RTI Application

There is no specific format mandated, but it should be clear, concise, and to the point. It should include:

  • Name and full address of the applicant
  • Subject of the RTI application
  • Clear and specific questions/information sought
  • Details of payment of RTI fee
  • Date and signature

Sample Format of RTI Application:

To,
The Public Information Officer,
[Department Name],
[Full Office Address]

Subject: Application under the Right to Information Act, 2005

Sir/Madam,

I, [Your Name], resident of [Full Address], wish to seek the following information under Section 6(1) of the RTI Act, 2005:

1. [Write your first query clearly]
2. [Second query, if any]
3. [Third query, if needed]

I have enclosed the prescribed RTI fee of Rs.10 via [IPO/DD/Cash Receipt/Online payment].

Kindly provide the information within 30 days as per the RTI Act. If the information sought pertains to another department, kindly transfer the application under Section 6(3) of the RTI Act.

Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,  
[Signature]  
[Name]  
[Mobile No.]  
[Email ID, if any]  
[Date]

Step 3: Pay the RTI Application Fee

  • The standard fee is Rs.10.
  • Fee can be paid via:
  • Indian Postal Order (IPO)
  • Demand Draft
  • Banker’s Cheque
  • Online payment (for central government departments via https://rtionline.gov.in)
  • Cash (with a receipt, if submitting in person)

Certain categories such as Below Poverty Line (BPL) applicants are exempted from paying the fee, provided they submit valid proof.

Step 4: Send the Application

You can send your application via:

  • Post (preferably registered or speed post) to the concerned PIO
  • In-person submission at the office
  • Online submission (for central government departments)

For Central Government RTIs, use the official online portal: https://rtionline.gov.in

Some states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh have their own RTI online portals.

Step 5: Wait for Response

  • The PIO is required to respond within 30 days from the date of receipt.
  • If the information relates to life or liberty, the reply must be given within 48 hours.
  • If the RTI is transferred to another department under Section 6(3), the new PIO gets another 30 days to respond.

What If There Is No Response or Unsatisfactory Information?

You can file an appeal under Section 19 of the RTI Act:

First Appeal

  • File to the First Appellate Authority (FAA) of the same department.
  • Time Limit: Within 30 days from the date of reply or if no reply is received.

Second Appeal

  • If still not satisfied, file a second appeal to the Central or State Information Commission within 90 days from the order of the first appeal.

Important Points to Remember

  • Do not ask vague or hypothetical questions.
  • Do not use abusive or threatening language.
  • RTI cannot be used to seek opinions or interpretations of law.
  • Always preserve a copy of your RTI and the acknowledgment receipt.
  • Mark “RTI Application” clearly on the envelope.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Can I file an RTI anonymously?

No. You must provide your full name and contact details to file an RTI.

Q2. What if I don’t know which department to approach?

File it to the PIO of the department you think is appropriate. If it is the wrong department, they are required to transfer it under Section 6(3) to the correct department.

Q3. Is RTI applicable to private companies?

No, unless the company is substantially financed by the government or falls under public-private partnerships involving public authorities.

Q4. What is the time limit to receive information under RTI?

  • 30 days from the date of application
  • 48 hours if it concerns life or liberty
  • 35 days if transferred to another public authority

Q5. Can I file RTI online for state government departments?

Some states like Maharashtra, Delhi, Karnataka have their own RTI online portals. However, not all states support online RTI.

Q6. Is RTI applicable to the judiciary?

Yes, administrative records of courts can be accessed under RTI. However, judicial decisions and case records are not covered and are governed by court rules.

Q7. What happens if the PIO fails to provide information?

You can appeal to the Information Commission, which can:

  • Impose a fine of Rs. 250 per day, up to Rs. 25,000
  • Order disclosure of the information

Conclusion

Filing an RTI application is a powerful way to demand transparency from government bodies. The process is simple and cost-effective, and it allows any citizen to seek accountability and promote better governance. Whether you are facing a delay in your passport, need information on road construction, or wish to expose corruption, the Right to Information Act, 2005 gives you the legal power to ask questions and get answers from the government. Use it wisely, and uphold your democratic rights.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. Please consult with a qualified lawyer for personalized advice specific to your situation.

Advocate J.S. Rohilla (Civil & Criminal Lawyer in Indore)

Contact: 88271 22304

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